• Intensifying efforts to diversity women’s work opportunities, including occupations that are traditionally male-dominated, and ensure that ethnic and disability perspectives are integrated in such efforts.49 • Creating incentives for companies to employ disabled people, such as a decrease in the social security contribution of the employer for a fixed time period • Addressing the causes of the high percentage of women engaged in multiple employment50 • Making workforce participation easier for parents by providing more financially feasible childcare and ECE options outside of the current system of tax credits; pass employment reforms that make flexible working hours and job sharing easier to combine work and parenthood; foster an environment conducive to realising equal employment opportunities for men and women, including by undertaking awareness-raising campaigns, adopting temporary special measures and further promoting flexible work arrangements that help parents in balancing family and work51 Incorporate social procurement practices and employment quotas By, for example: Guaranteeing pay equity and eliminate the gender, ethnic and disability pay gaps; incorporate the principle of equal pay for work of equal value in legislation and develop a streamlined mechanism to implement it across occupations.52 Enable participation How can persons in working households experiencing poverty participate in the process towards the full enjoyment of their human rights and the sustainable improvement of their quality of life, including through empowerment and resource mobilisation at all levels? How can we measure the lack of uptake of human rights to see where there are gaps and who is missing out? How can rangatiratanga be honoured? Ensure access to justice What measures are needed to enable rights holders to enforce their rights and hold duty bearers accountable for acts and omissions that undermine or violate the full realisation of rights? By, for example: • Using a social procurement model with targets for women, Māori, Pacific people, disabled people, and older people, into all central government contracts • Including equal pay guarantees in procurement processes to close the gender and ethnic pay gaps • Requiring all government contracts to include a living wage • Setting gender and ethnicity quotas for employment in management and leadership roles in the private sector that enable more women, Māori, and Pacific people progress to management roles and receive higher wages • Setting ethnicity quotas for employment in the public sector so that more people from ethnic minority groups progress to management roles and receive higher wages Eliminate discrimination How do we stop formal and substantive differences in treatment for those most at risk? How do we ensure the experience of poverty in working households does not disproportionately impact on the enjoyment of other rights, and vice versa? Ratifying the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Incorporate multidimensionality into the rights response How do we ensure the measures taken to eradicate poverty in working households address both monetary deprivation and the material lack of access to goods and services essential to the enjoyment of human rights, such as decent housing, education, healthcare, food, work, and social security? Do our steps to eradicate poverty in working households reflect the interrelated and mutually reinforcing deprivations of human rights? Some measures could include: • Implementing tax reforms for low income earners • Improving social protection floors for workers and their families • Increasing minimum average amount of social security benefits • Considering the implementation of a Universal Basic Income He Urupare Tika Tangata mō te Pōharatanga ō ngā Whānau Whaimahi 21