Islamophobia Register Australia’s Muslim communities also collect information on serious harms. An Islamophobia Register was launched in 2014, which has now reported twice. This gives Muslim Australians an opportunity to report experiences of Islamophobia, which the Islamophobic Register defines as: ... a form of racism that includes various forms of violence, violations, discrimination and subordination that occur across multiple sites in response to the problematisation of Muslim identity ... including physical attacks, assault, damage to property, offensive graffiti, non-verbal harassment, intimidation and online threats.14 The second Islamophobia in Australia report was released in 2019. It documents 349 verified instances of reported Islamophobia from 2016 and 2017. The verification process includes following up reporters by email or phone calls, checking the details of cases, and identifying suspicious URLs. The data reveals some patterns in the nature of Islamophobic incidents: • 72% of victims were women. • 71% of perpetrators were men. • Only 29% of incidents were reported to police. • Police attended around half the incidents reported to them. • 5% of incidents resulted in the victim requiring hospital treatment. • 14% of cases in the physical world (i.e. offline) involved children. • Of female victims in the physical world, 96% were wearing a headscarf.15 Freedom of religion in Australia: a focus on serious harms • July 2020 • 9