National Institution for Human Rights – Kingdom of Bahrain 2. Enabling the detainees to attend the funerals or mourning ceremonies of any of his ascendants, descendants, spouse, or his relatives to the second degree, and making the necessary legislative amendments to enforce this right. 3. Activating the supervisory authority of the public prosecution in relation to the work of law enforcement officers and the violations committed by them, and taking disciplinary or penal actions against them in case of violating the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure. 4. The Supreme Judicial Council should verify the claims made by the defendants during pre-trial investigation or trial procedures concerning the violation of their right to fair trial. Serious and transparent investigations should be conducted with the respondents, and the necessary legal action should be taken against them, if liability is proven. 5. The security measures necessary to maintain public security in the vicinity of the court should be clear and declared in advance, and specialists such as lawyers, human rights defenders and the relatives of the accused persons should be allowed to attend the hearings, unless the court decides otherwise. 6. Activating the role of supervisory and control role of judicial inspection over judges, in order not to prolong the duration of litigation proceedings, and not to delay the hearings or to postpone cases for long periods. 7. Providing courts with qualified personnel in line with the progressively increasing number of cases, and developing specialized qualification programs to increase the efficiency of the judicial authority personnel and the level of their performance. 8. Developing the Institute of Judicial and Legal Studies programs in order to conform to international human rights instruments, particularly those related to criminal justice and human rights. 9. Dedicating further attention to intensive and effective training for judges and public prosecutors on issues related to human rights, particularly fair trial guarantees. 10. Considering and allowing the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers of the Council of Human Rights to visit the Kingdom. FOURTH: RIGHT TO CITIZENSHIP 1. The right to citizenship is one of the main elements of the legal personality that must be enjoyed by everyone. This right is represented by a political and legal association between the individual and the state to which the individual should be loyal. The state should protect people and grant them the advantages and rights arising from this association. Statelessness gives rises to negative consequences, primarily, the fundamental rights of individuals become vulnerable to abuse, and discrimination and ill-treatment pose present and inherent risks to stateless individuals. 2. Article 17, Clause “a”, of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain provides as follows: “Bahraini nationality shall be determined by law. A person inherently enjoying his Bahraini nationality cannot be deprived of his nationality except in case of treason, and such other cases as prescribed by law”. 3. The Bahraini Citizenship Act of 1963, as amended, regulates the provisions relating to the acquisition of nationality, whether acquired on origin or emergency basis. It 56