Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction of the Phenomenon of Hate 1 1. Introduction · ············································································· 2 2. Background and Causes of Hate ····································· 4 1) Hate as a Method of Power ·············································· 5 2) Hate as a Social Pathological Phenomenon ················· 6 3. Political Directions of Reactions to Hate Speech ······· 8 Chapter 2. Concept and Types of Hate Speech 9 1. Concept of Hate Speech ··················································· 10 2. Factors of Hate Speech ····················································· 12 1) Groups with Particular Characteristics ··················· 12 2) Negative Ideas and Prejudice ····································· 14 3) Words, Actions, and other Behaviors of Expression ··································· 16 4) Encouraging Discrimination · ······································· 17