Constitution of the Independent State of Samoa 11 7. Freedom from inhuman treatment - No person shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 8. Freedom from forced labour - (1) No person shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. (2) For the purposes of this Article, the term “forced or compulsory labour” shall not include: (a) any work required to be done in consequence of a sentence of a Court; or (b) any service of a military character or, in the case of conscientious objectors, service exacted instead of compulsory military service; or (c) any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the community; or (d) any work or service which is required by Samoan custom or which forms part of normal civic obligations. 9. Right to a fair trial - (1) In the determination of his or her civil rights and obligations or of any charge against him or her for any offence, every person is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established under the law. Judgment shall be pronounced in public, but the public and representatives of news service may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interests of morals, public order or national security, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the Court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice. (2) Nothing in clause (1) shall invalidate any law by reason only that it confers upon a tribunal, Minister or other authority power to determine questions arising in the administration of any law that affect or may affect the civil rights of any person. (3) Every person charged with an offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. (4) Every person charged with an offence has the following minimum rights: