It is hoped that this paper will serve as a valuable educational material in appreciating the human rights challenge in the Philippine security sector (the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police) from a historical perspective. notes 1 An armed entity falls under the category of the Philippine military if it was organized from any of the indigenous peoples of the Philippine Islands for military employment on a national or much bigger area. It maybe an independent entity (i.e., Moro Army, Katipunan/revolutionary) or a part of a bigger army (i.e., under the Spanish Army or U.S. Army). 2 Tonya Gonnella Frichner, UN Special Rapporteur. Impact on Indigenous People of the International Legal Construct known as the Doctrine of Discovery, which has served as the Foundation of the Violation of their Human Rights. Ninth Session, Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues United Nations Economic and Social Council. (New York 19-30 April 2010) 3 UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 4 Robert T. Kiyosaki, Unfair Advantage: The Power of Financial Education. Plata Publishing. 2011 DR. NYMIA PIMENTEL-SIMBULAN Executive Director Philippine Human Rights Information Center (PhilRights) x