Table of Contents Foreword  6 Definitions we have used in this report  8 Executive Summary  10 Introduction  10 Summary of key themes from our engagement  10 Tangata Whenua Pou  12 Tangata Tiriti Pillars  14 Human Rights Commission recommendations  16 Tangata Whenua vision and recommendations  17 Tangata Tiriti vision and recommendations  19 Recommendations for implementation  21 Resource and co-ordinate anti-racism work  21 Establish a monitoring and accountability mechanism  21 Introduction  23 The history of racism in Aotearoa begins with colonisation  24 The history of racism extends to Tangata Tiriti  24 Terrorist attacks on 15 March  26 COVID-19 and racism  28 Aotearoa New Zealand has obligations to eliminate racism  31 Domestic and international obligations  31 Our methodology  32 We have endeavoured to approach this project in a Tiriti-based way  32 We have not given space to views that displayed racism in this report  33 Themes arising from Tangata Whenua engagement  34 Pou 1: Whakamana tino rangatiratanga  Empower and restore tino rangatiratanga through constitutional transformation  35 Recognition of Te Tiriti o Waitangi  36 Constitutional transformation  36 Upholding tino rangatiratanga  37 Kāwanatanga responsibilities  38