alternative. “CCTV promotes transparency and leverages technology to ensure regulatory compliance on fishing vessels,” Lin concluded. Article 71 of ILO-C188 recommends that, “All fishers on board shall be given reasonable access to communication facilities, to the extent practicable, at a reasonable cost and not exceeding the full cost to the fishing vessel owner.” This implies that vessel owners should cover most— if not all—communication expenses, such as for mobile phones, satellite phones, or other means, sparing fishers from significant extra costs. Additionally, the ILO’s Forced Labour Convention highlights that even in densely populated areas, workers can experience isolation through phone confiscation, restricted communication, and an inability to contact family or seek help. In response, Lin Ding-rong explained that international conventions do not explicitly mandate Wi-Fi installation on fishing vessels. “The ILO has established guidelines for facilitating communication between fishers and their families or shore-based support systems. This is a fundamental principle. However, it doesn’t specifically stipulate Wi-Fi; it’s just one possible option, though many see it as an attainable goal,” he said. Lin highlighted that the Fisheries Agency's strategy involves promoting Wi-Fi through subsidies, focusing on more cost-effective solutions. In practice, more vessels have been outfitted with Wi-Fi capabilities. He pointed out that enforcing Wi-Fi as a requirement for all offshore vessels necessitates further policy assessment, as larger fishing enterprises with stable financial resources may easily absorb the additional communication costs. In contrast, smaller, family-run fishing operations might find such expenses extremely difficult to shoulder. Shih Yin-tai, head of the Foreign Affairs Division at the Keelung City Police Bureau, views the situation from the standpoint of law enforcement. He advocates for implementing Wi-Fi on fishing vessels to aid crime investigations. Furthermore, he states, “If vessels at sea are equipped with Wi-Fi, fishers can reach out for assistance, allowing the police to initiate a 23