We need to address the many gaps in skills and knowledge across current services Disabled people have identified gaps in knowledge, practitioner competency, and service provision. Research about violence against disabled people in Aotearoa is minimal. Police and service data that is collected about incidence and prevalence of violence does not include questions about disability. Information that is produced about sexual and family violence is generally not available in accessible formats. People do not require a qualification to work in the violence or disability sectors. These sectors receive few offers to be trained in the topic of violence against disabled people. Available services are also minimal. Few specialist services are available for adults at risk who require safeguarding. A specialist service is a bespoke service that requires particular, specific staff expertise and is developed for a particular group of people. An NGO, a health or disability service or any other relevant organisation may run a specialist service. No services are available for disabled men and boys requiring refuge. No therapeutic services are available for disabled adults and children. No services are available for women who are unable to access mainstream refuges because: • of their age (older women) • they require 24-hour caregiver support • they have disabled children • they have substance abuse or mental health problems which mainstream refuges cannot accommodate. We need a twin-track approach to address gaps in services, knowledge and practice Disabled people advise that the solution to fill identified gaps is a prevention and response policy and practice designed using a twin-track approach.21 Both tracks must be grounded in Te Tiriti. To achieve this, the tracks must be developed in partnership with tāngata whaikaha Māori and effectively meet their needs. Twin track one requires mainstream prevention initiatives, services and processes to be accessible. Some gaps identified in the body of the report are: 12 • lack of data and evidence to inform effective responses • lack of a shared language • little intersectoral collaboration to address violence and abuse • low availability, little physical accessibility and insufficient accessible information create barriers to access Human Rights Commission • lack of trust and respect for disabled people • gaps in workforce competence. Twin track two requires the availability of specialist prevention initiatives, services and processes needed to meet the intersecting needs of disabled/abused people, including people disabled by violence. Some of the gaps that main report notes are: • lack of culturally appropriate services • no national integrated safeguarding response • no outreach, long-term, wrap-around or 24/7 services • lack of meaningful participation or partnerships with disabled people. This report makes a range of recommendations. These align with a twin-track approach to help fill the gaps.