Exploring the ethnic pay gap further..................................................................................................................... 32 Taking an intersectional approach to the gender and ethnic pay gaps....................................................... 33 Cumulative effects of the Pacific Pay Gap............................................................................................................ 35 What we know about racial discrimination in the workplace.......................................................................... 35 Research into bullying and harassment........................................................................................................... 36 Commission and MBIE employment discrimination data............................................................................ 36 Survey data on experiences of discrimination................................................................................................ 37 Findings from engagement on the development of a National Action Plan Against Racism.............. 38 5. What Pacific workers told us..............................................................................................................39 Experiences in recruitment...................................................................................................................................... 40 Discrimination in the recruitment process...................................................................................................... 40 Pacific names can be a barrier............................................................................................................................ 41 Qualifications and work experience are undervalued.................................................................................. 41 Lack of pay transparency by employers........................................................................................................... 43 Opportunities for Pacific peoples to support one another......................................................................... 43 Retention and pay negotiation................................................................................................................................ 44 Experiences of being undervalued and underpaid....................................................................................... 44 Desire to be paid the living wage........................................................................................................................ 45 Discrimination in negotiating pay rates and pay rises.................................................................................. 46 Lack of awareness and understanding about pay negotiation................................................................... 47 Barriers to promotion............................................................................................................................................... 48 Discrimination in the promotion process......................................................................................................... 48 Promotions without additional benefits........................................................................................................... 48 Pacific women are promoted less often than men........................................................................................ 49 A government worker’s story............................................................................................................................... 50 Upskilling and training opportunities.................................................................................................................... 51 Some people have access to training while others do not.......................................................................... 51 There are barriers to accessing training........................................................................................................... 52 Training does not lead to remuneration increases....................................................................................... 53 Training does not lead to advancement........................................................................................................... 53 A lack of awareness and enforcement of workers’ rights................................................................................. 54 Many Pacific workers are not aware of their employment rights............................................................... 54 The impact of COVID-19 on workers’ rights..................................................................................................... 54 Education about employment rights................................................................................................................. 55 Cross-cultural communication issues................................................................................................................... 56 Differing cultural norms........................................................................................................................................ 56 Language barriers.................................................................................................................................................. 56 Employers’ role in communication..................................................................................................................... 56 Pacific workers supporting each other to communicate.............................................................................. 57 A construction worker’s story.............................................................................................................................. 58 Experiences of self-employed contractors.......................................................................................................... 59 2