recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life”. Clause 2 of the same Article states: “This Convention shall not apply to distinctions, exclusions, restrictions or preferences made by a State Party to this Convention between citizens and non-citizens.” 1.4 Paragraph (1), Clause (D) of Article (2) of the said Convention states that: “States Parties condemn racial discrimination and undertake to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms and promoting understanding among all races, and, to this end: (d) Each State Party shall prohibit and bring to an end, by all appropriate means, including legislation as required by circumstances, racial discrimination by any persons, group or organization”. 1.5 Article (5) states that: “In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in article (2) of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law”. 1.6 The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination established under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which is entrusted with the interpretation of the provisions of this Convention, commented on paragraph (2) of Article No. )1( thereof that: “1- Paragraph (1) of Article (1) of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination defines racial “Additional Information” Parallel Report of the National Institution for Human Rights in the Kingdom of Bahrain to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) © 2022 18