LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AHRD ASEAN Human Rights Declaration ARV Anti-retroviral Treatment CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CDCR California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CERD Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1965 CERiA University of Malaya’s Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child 1990 CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights MOH Ministry of Health NHS National Health Services England NOMS National Offender Management Service OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights SMR United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners TB Tuberculosis TST Tuberculin Skin Test UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights WHO World Health Organisation xii