Issue 4: Securing Resources and Enhancing Process for Refugee Screening Status 43. The Committee recommended to “consider revising article 5 of the “Enforcement Decree of the Refugee Act”, ensure an effective administrative appeal mechanism with regard to negative decisions, establish a legally prescribed maximum duration of immigration detention, apply noncustodial measures to immigrant minors and eliminate overcrowding and improve material condition in immigration detention facilities including at points of entry and in departure waiting area” in the concluding observation on the third to fifth periodic reports of Korea in 2017. 44. The NHRCK published “The Second Edition of Human Rights Guidelines on Migration” on 18 December 2019, stating ten guidelines, including prohibiting racial discrimination, enhancing remedy procedure against infringement of their rights, improving fairness of refugee screening, ensuring right to work of immigrants, improving immigrant-related institutions, strengthening health care services, implementing nondiscriminatory social security system, ensuring the principle of the best interests of the child for immigrant children, protecting human rights of immigrant women and minimizing detention. 45. The 2018 refugee application (Ministry of Justice) shows that the number of refugee applicants jumped from 1,574 to 9,942 between 2012 and 2017. Total 6,446 applications out of 9,942 went to Seoul Immigration 18