22 • • • • • • • • Despair over unattainability of goals Risks of exposure Getting married to negotiate security Feeling discriminated as North Korean women Rediscovering the meaning of life in China Disguising oneself as a Chinese woman Hiding emotions Getting married/postponing pregnancy, etc. ► Devise ways to safeguard basic human rights on a more humane level ► Change of attitude by China towards North Korean refugee women ► Design a support system that can provide protection until refugee status is gained ► Conceive a system that can prevent ex ante the need to flee North Korea Moon Sookjae, Kim Jihee, and Lee Myunggeun (2000) also carried out research with a focus on North Korean refugee women residing in the Chinese region of Yanbian; their study mainly addressed motives for fleeing North Korea, the conditions of flight, and living conditions in China (Yanbian). On this basis, the following political proposals were suggested: <Table 2-8> Moon Sookjae’s, Kim Jihee’s, and Lee Myunggeun’s policy proposals and means Motives for escape and life conditions of North Korean refugee women • • • Policy proposals and means ► Improvement of support measures for activities protecting North Korean refugee women residing in Motives for escape third countries Conditions of flight from North Korea ► Establishment of resettlement support facilities in Living conditions of North Korean refugee third countries similar to Hanawon in South Korea women in China (Yanbian) ► Improvement of support programmes for North Korean refugees Cho Younga and Jeon Wootaek (2005) analyzed problems faced by North Korean refugee women that arise after they enter South Korea and throughout their adaptation process to South Korean society with a specific focus on women with experiences of marriage. The authors suggested several means to advance the human rights of these women as set out below. <Table 2-9> Cho Younga’s and Jeon Wootaek’s policy proposals and means Problems of North Korean refugee women regarding their adaptation to South Korean society Policy proposals and means